This Constitutional Design Primer from International IDEA discusses the composition, powers and tenure of different forms of independent oversight and regulatory institutions such as human rights and anti-corruption commissions.

This Constitutional Brief from International IDEA provides a basic guide to constitutional courts and the issues that they raise in constitution-building processes.

This Constitutional Design Primer from International IDEA discusses discusses various constitutional design alternatives related to the structure and responsibilities of second houses in federal systems.

This Constitutional Design Primer from International IDEA discusses the rules and reasons for ending the term of office of a legislature.

This Constitutional Design Primer from International IDEA discusses the reasons for bicameralism, and different options concerning the composition and powers of a second chamber (also available in Spanish, Arabic and Myanmar language from the International IDEA website).

This Constitution Building Primer from International IDEA explains the legislative initiative and agenda-setting powers that allow presidents to exercise political leadership, for example enabling them to propose legislation, control the legislative agenda and issue decrees (also available in Spanish from the International IDEA website).

This Constitution Building Primer from International IDEA explains the constitutional rules for direct election of presidents in systems where president exercise executive power (available also in Spanish on the International IDEA website)

This Constitutional Design Primer from International IDEA explains the constitutional roles and responsibilities of monarchs in parliamentary democracies (available also in Arabic on the International IDEA website)

This Constitutional Design Primer from International IDEA discusses rules for the selection and removal of governments in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems.

A study of recent constitutional jurisprudence on gender equality and women’s empowerment, published by UNWOMEN and International IDEA.